jones



(No Model.)

E. J ONES.

DYNAMO. ELECTRIC MACHINE.

Patented July 7, 1885.

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MJL/7- (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. JONES.

DYNAMC ELECTRIC MACHINE. No. 321,609. Y Patented July 7, 1885.

3 Sheets-Sheet. 3.

E. JONES.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAGHINB.

(No Model.)

i No. 321,609.

k Patented July '7, 1885.

Ntra@ STATES PATEN 'r rauen.

EDVARD JONES, OF LEEDS, COUNTY OF YORK, ENGLAND.

DYNAMIC-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 321,609, dats-.Ll July 7, 1885.

' Application tiled September 8, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD J oNEs, of W'esthill Terrace, Ohapel Allerton, Leeds, in the county of York, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved electric generator, the objects in 'view being to reduce the cost of construction and increase the efficiency of the machine. This improved electric machine has only a single shaft-bearA ing, the driving-pulley being keyed to one end of the shaft, and the armature and commutator being mounted closely together on the other end thereof. The field-magnets are formed with deeply-channeled pole-pieces, between or in front of which the armature rotates, and the shanks or cores of the said field-magnets are arranged parallel to the armatureshaft, and are separately wound.

The invention also relates to various improvements in the details of construction and combination of parts, which are hereinafter fully described and claimed.

The details of construction and genera-l arrangement ot' this improved electric generator will be understood on reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is an elevation ot' the machine as seen from the end at which the commutator andarmature are situate. Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section of the machine. Fig. 3 is a front view of the armature with only one coil in place, the better to illustrate the manner in which the armature is constructed and mounted on its spindle; and Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are detail views of about one-half the actual size of the brush-rocker and brushes.

In these figures the same letters of reference indicate like or corresponding parts.

The main frame of the machine consists of a single end plate or standard, A, which carries the single long bearing B for the spindle C of the armature D, and also the cores or shanks e e of the field-magnets E E. For convenience in fitting, these cores or shanks e e are attached to the frame or standard A by screw-bolts, and the segmental pole-pieces e e of the held-magnets are rigidly connected by a ring or light frame, F, of diarnagnetic material or metal-such as brassto prevent any vibration at that end of the machine. A block, G, of wood or other diamagnetic material, is bolted to the pole-piece c of the lower magnet or magnets, and serves as a foot or support for the said magnet or magnets, and (in case the machine is fixed on an iron bed-plate) this block G insulates the pole piece or pieces or holds them at a distance from the said bed-plate. The ring or frame F, besides preventing the vibration of the field-magnets E E, serves also as a guide or race for the bruslrrocker H, the construction of which and the mode of mounting the brushes with respect to the commutator will be fully explained hereinafter.

I is the commutator, fast on the shaft C, and arranged in close proximity to the armature D, and J is the driving-pulley, fast on the other end of the shaft O. The single long bearing B for the armature-spindle is preferably cast in one with the end plate or standard of the machine, to which the held-magnets are bolted, and is made hollow and slightly taper forst-rength and lightness. As the bearl ing B is hollow or chambered to within a short distance from each end, it is only necessary to accurately bore it for a small portion at its inner and outer ends to receive the bush b for the spindle, and this bush, which may be of any usual and suitable material, and may be cast, only requires turning at its extremities or parts where it is titted closely into or against the cast-metal bearing or support B. The bush b is preferably channeled or cast with a reduced diameter between its turned extremities, and is of course accurately bored to receive the spindle C.

This construction is very simple and facilitates the accurate fitting together of the ma chine.

Such being the general construction and arrangement of the frame-work and field-mag nets, I will now proceed to describe the way in which the armature of niyimproved machine is constructed and mounted.

The pole-pieces d d ofthe armature D, I arrange or group in pairs around the hub D', separating the inner and outer ends of each pair of pole-pieces by spacing-blocks d d', of wood or equivalent nonconducting material, and securing them together in that position by bolts or clips, (seen in Fig. 2,) also of non- IOO conducting material, by which construction and arrangement I prevent the creation of in duced currents in and around the pole-pieces ofthe armature. and facilitate the circulation of air. The pole-pieces d d are of U shape, having their outer ends left open instead of being closed by filling-pieces, and may be conveniently formed by stamping out of soft-iron plate.

The core DI is composed of a thick coil of Soft-iron wire wound on a former. or ot' iron in any other well-divided form wound with cotton or ol her fibrous material, and varuished, or varnished only without being wound with cotton. The hub D ot' the armature is of slightly taper form, and made of a non conducting material. It is preferably built up of segmental blocks of wood having the end of the grain facing outward or radiating from the center, to prevent alteration in diameter due to expansion or contraction, and these blocks of wood, when suoli are used, are bound together by brass side plates and screws.

The hub thus constructed of insulating material is keyed fast on the spindle C. The poleplates d d, connected in pairs, as above described, are disposed radially around the hub, and serve to force outward the iron core Dt and hold it concentric with the spindle. rlhe inner ends ofthe pole-pieces are eut rather ohliquely. so as to fit onto the slightly taper hub D, :1nd are held thereon by washers or collars D, which are forced against them by nuts threaded on the spindle C, as will be well under-sl ood, the said washers or collars D:s being insulated from the metal ol" the armature by collars or rings of insulating material d?, as shown in Fig. 2.

The lan-shaped sections, into which the core DL is divided by the pairs ot' pole-pieces (Z d, are wound with the required number of coils or bobbins of insulated copper wire or tape in such a manner as to fill each of the said sections or spaces. I preferably divide the armature into twelve sections, each having six bobbins of wire wound thereon.

By means of suitable adjusting screws and nuts, the bush Z), and with it the spindle C, can be shifted endwisc, and the armature be thereby adjusted to its field. Any liability to endwisc movement of the shaft C may be prevented by means of nuts C on the pulley end ofthe shaft, which nuts serve also to take up any wear on the collars of the shaft. rlhese adjusting-nuts could also be arranged in immediate proximity to the flange bof the bush I), if desired.

rlhe commutator I, of any convenient construction, is keyed on the spindle C, close against the armature D, and as there is no bearing at all needed for the spindle on the commutator side of the armature, and no field-magnet shanks or cores are present at that part to interfere with the connections, the said connections may be made direct and short, and are always easily accessible. No ntcessity, moreover, exists for drilling the spindle for the passage of the conducting-wires from the armature tothe commutator, and the spindle therefore remains unweakened at this r The brushes Il', I make of a number ofv straight copper wires bound together to form a broad flat surface, (see Fig. 5,) or of fiat strips of copper set ctlgewise side by side` (see Fig. G.) and arranged to present .their ends or end edges to the commutatorplates, and I canse these brushes H to be fed forward by a light spring or springsJz, or their equivalent, which tends to push the brushes lengthwise through a suitablyformed guide case or sheath, h', against the periphery of the commutator I.

The angle at which the brushes Il meet the commutator may vary within considerable limits; or the brushes may even be set truly radial to the commutator, as shown in full lines in Figs. l and 4, the object in view being to maintain the rubbing area constant, whereas in tangeutially arranged brushes, such as are commonly used, the arca ol' con tact tends to rapidly increase and to impair the efficiency ofthe machine. I preferably adjust the brushes to the position shown in dot ted lines in Fig. 4.

The guides or cases L, through or against which the brushes of wire or copper strips pass or are fed forward, andV which also carry the spring or equivalent devices l1, for feeding them toward or against the connnutator, are mounted on a ring of metal, I-I, provided with a handlel X, (see Figs. l and 2,) for rotating or rocking` it, and thereby varying the lead of the brushes. This handle X also serves as a clampingscrcw for securing thebrush-rockcr in position. This bruslrrocker His mounted to slide, as in a bearing, against a sliffening plate or frame, F, which rigidly unites the pole-pieces of the field-magnets E E, and the ring His retained in place by a coveringplate, K, of card or leather board, vulcanite, or other suitable material secured to the stiff'- ening plate or frame by screws. rlhis annular coveringplate K conceals the connections between the armature and commutator, and protects them from injury.

This improved machine is compact and light, and, owing to the simplicity ofthe construction and arrangement of the several parts, can be readily fitted together or dismantled. The commutator and armature connections are greatly simplified, and so situate as to be easy of access, while the armature is light, rigid, easily adjustable, free from disturbing currents, and not liable to heat.

I may use held-magnets having two, four, six, or more poles, but I have obtained excellent results from a magnet having two shanks, e c, secured at their one ends to the end standard, A, and having at their other ends deeply-channeled pole-pieces, the shanks or cores of the IOC IlO

magnet being parallel with the shalt of the armature.

This machine may be used with but slight alteration as an electric motor.

I-Iaving now described the nature of my several improvements in dynamo electric machines, I wish it to be understood that I claiml. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination, with a single standard or end plate carrying a singlelong bearingand an armature mounted upon a spindle adapted to rotate within the said single bearing, of two or more channeled pole-pieees, each having a sepalately-wound core or shank secured to the said single end plate and arranged parallel to the armature-spindle` and a connnutator mounted on the said spindle in close proximity to the armature and at that side thereof which is remote from the single end plate or standard of the machine, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

' 2. In a dynamo electric machine, the coinbination, with a standard or end plate carrying a single long central bearing and an armature and commutator mounted close together on one end ot' a spindle, of one or more pairs ot separately-wound electro-magnets bolted to the said standard, with their pole-pieces supported at a distance from the bed-plate,fand a frame or ring of brass or its equivalent conn :cting the said pole-pieces, and serving as a bearing or guide for the brush-rocker, substantially as set forth.

3. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination, with the standard or end plate, A, a single long central bearing, B, separatelywound electromagnets E E, spindle C, armature D, and eommutator I, of a bush, b, fitted within the bearing, means, substantially as described, for adjustingthe said spindle lengthwise within the said bush, land a brush rocker, H, mounted upon a frame or ring, F. connecting the pole-pieces ofthe electro-1nagnets,and serving to preventtheir vibration, all substantially as set forth.

4t. An armature for dynamo electric machines, consisting of a soft-iron core supported on U -shaped iron' pole-pieces arranged radially in pairs around a hub of non conducting material, the pole-pieces in cach pair being sep arated the one Vfrom the other by spacingblocks 0f insulating` material, and the several pairs of pole-pieces being secured on the hub and dividing the core into fan-shaped sections for the reception ot' the coils of conductingwire, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a single-bearing dynanic:nachi11e, tl e combination, with the armature D, iield-magnets E E, commutator I, and brush holder and rocker H, ol' the diamagnetic ring or frame F, forming a rigid connection between the polepieces of the said field-magnets, and also a bearing or guide for the brush-rocker, and the covering plate or ring K, for retaining the said brush-rocher in place, and serving to conceal and protect the connections between the armature and commntator, substantially as described with reference to the drawings.

6. In a dynamoelectrie machine, the combination, with a commutator, of a brush or collector consisting ol a number of Wires or strips of metal packed closely together,so as to present their ends in a line or lines parallel to the commutator-bars, a guide or sheath for the brush, and a spring, whereby the brush is automatically and constantly pressed or fed forward through the guide or sheath in a radial or nearly radial direction against the periphery ofthe commutator, for the purpose of maintaining constant the rubbing area of the brush and holding it steadily to its work, substantially as herein set forth.

7. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination, with the cemmutator I, of the brushrocker H, brushes H, guide cases or sheaths hand springs l1, or their equivalent, substantially as described, for the purpose of automatically imparting a forward feed to the brushes in a radial or nearly radial direction with respect to the eonnnutator, and thereby maintaining constant their rubbing area, as set forth.

EDVRD JONES.

Vitnesses:

Jo HN Lown, EDWARD WirrTnLnY,

Solicz'zors Clerks, Leeds. 

